[Effects of neonatal stimulator of interferon genes innate immune signaling pathway of HBsAg-positive mothers on non/hypo-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants].

Objective: To explore the effects of neonatal stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immune signaling pathway of HBsAg-positive mothers on non/hypo-response to hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) in their infants. Methods: From November 2019 to June 2022, HBsAg-positive mothers and their infants in the Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan were recruited as the study subjects. The epidemiological and clinical data were collected by questionnaire survey and medical records review. The key molecular proteins of STING innate immune signaling pathway (STING, pIRF3) and immune cells associated with vaccine response (DC, T and B and plasma cells) in neonatal cord blood were detected by flow cytometry. Follow up was conducted for infants for 1-2 months after the full vaccination of HepB. Serum hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) was detected by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. Unconditional logistic regression model, nomogram and Bayesian network model were used to evaluate the effect of STING innate immune signaling pathway on non/hypo-response to HepB and related factors in infants, and the relationship between various factors. Results: A total of 195 pairs of HBsAg-positive mothers and infants were recruited, the rate of non/hypo-response to HepB in the infants was 12.31% (24/195). High maternal HBV DNA load, low expression of neonatal STING, low expression of pIRF3 and low percentage of plasma cells were risk factors for non/hypo-response to HepB in the infants (OR=4.70, 3.46, 3.18 and 2.20, all P<0.05). The nomogram constructed by these factors had good predictive efficacy (area under curve=0.81, 95%CI: 0.63-0.83). The results of Bayesian network model showed that the infants with a high maternal HBV DNA load had a higher conditional probability of low STING expression (62.50%) and a higher conditional probability of low pIRF3 expression (58.54%). The conditional probabilities of low expression of DC, T, B and plasma cells were 53.16%, 60.20%, 68.42% and 57.14%, respectively. Conclusion: Maternal HBV DNA might inhibit STING innate immune signaling pathways in infants and immune cells associated with HepB response, resulting in non/hypo-response to HepB in infants of HBsAg-positive mothers.

[Distributive characteristics of HBV DNA CpG islands in HBsAg positive mothers and its relationship with intrauterine transmission].

Objective: To investigate the type, length, and CG loci of HBV DNA CpG islands in HBsAg positive maternal C genotype and its relationship with intrauterine HBV transmission, so as to provide a new perspective for the study of intrauterine transmission of HBV. Methods: From June 2011 to July 2013, HBsAg-positive mothers and their newborns who delivered in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan were collected. Epidemiological data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires and electronic medical records. Serum HBV markers and serum HBV DNA were detected by electrochemiluminescence and quantitative fluorescence PCR, respectively. Intrauterine transmission of HBV was determined by positive HBsAg and/or HBV DNA in femoral venous blood before injection of HBV vaccine/Hepatitis B immunoglobulin within 24 h of birth. A total of 22 mothers and their newborns with HBV DNA load ≥106 IU/ml in intrauterine transmission were selected as the intrauterine transmission group, and 22 mothers with HBV DNA load ≥106 IU/ml without intrauterine transmission were chosen as the control group by random seed method. The distribution prediction of CpG islands of HBV DNA in 39 mothers with genotype C by HBV DNA sequencing was analyzed. Results: Among 39 mothers with HBV C genotype, 19 were in the intrauterine transmission group, and 20 were in the control group. The HBV DNA of 39 patients with genotype C traditional CpG island Ⅱ and Ⅲ, while the control group had traditional CpG island Ⅰ and novel CpG island Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The length of CpG island Ⅱ and Ⅲ and the number of CG loci of CpG island Ⅱ in the intrauterine transmission group differed from those in the control group (P<0.05). The CpG island Ⅱ length ≥518 bp and the number of CG loci ≥40 in the intrauterine transmission group (11/19) were significantly higher than those in the control group (2/20) (P<0.05). The length of CpG island Ⅱ and the number of CG loci in the X gene promoter region (Xp region) were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the HBV intrauterine transmission group, most of maternal (12/19) HBV DNA CpG island Ⅱ completely covered the Xp region, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (5/20), and the number of HBV DNA Xp region CG loci was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The distribution of maternal C genotype HBV DNA CpG islands is related to intrauterine transmission. The length of CpG island Ⅱ and the number of CG sites may increase the risk of intrauterine transmission of HBV.

[Analysis on influencing factors of HBV intrauterine transmission based on integration of decision tree model and logistic regression model].

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of HBV intrauterine transmission and their interaction effects by integrating logistic regression model and Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) decision tree model. Methods: A total of 689 pairs of HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates in the obstetrics department of the Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan from 2007 to 2013 were enrolled, and the basic information of mothers and their neonates were obtained by questionnaire survey and medical record review, such as the general demographic characteristics, gestational week and delivery mode. HBV DNA and HBV serological markers of the mothers and newborns were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay respectively. The CHAID decision tree model and unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to explore the factors influencing HBV intrauterine transmission in neonates of HBsAg-positive mothers. Results: Among the 689 neonates, the incidence of HBV intrauterine transmission was 11.47% (79/689). After adjusted for confounding factors, the first and second logistic multivariate analysis showed that cesarean delivery was a protective factor for HBV intrauterine transmission (OR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.14-0.43; OR=0.27, 95%CI: 0.15-0.46); both models indicated that maternal HBeAg positivity and HBV DNA load ≥2×105 IU/ml before delivery were risk factors of HBV intrauterine transmission (OR=3.89, 95%CI: 2.32-6.51; OR=3.48, 95%CI: 2.12-5.71), respectively. The CHAID decision tree model screened three significant factors influencing HBV intrauterine transmission, the most significant one was maternal HBeAg status, followed by delivery mode and maternal HBV DNA load. There were interactions between maternal HBeAg status and delivery modes, as well as delivery mode and maternal HBV DNA load before delivery. The rate of HBV intrauterine transmission in newborns of HBeAg-positive mothers by vaginal delivery increased from 19.08% to 29.37%; among HBeAg-positive mothers with HBV DNA ≥2×105 IU/ml, the rate of HBV intrauterine transmission increased to 33.33% in the newborns by vaginal delivery. Conclusions: Maternal HBeAg positivity,maternal HBV DNA ≥2×105 IU/ml and vaginal delivery could be risk factors for HBV intrauterine transmission in newborns. Interaction effects were found between maternal HBeAg positivity and vaginal delivery, as well as vaginal delivery and high maternal HBV DNA load. Logistic regression model and the CHAID decision tree model can be used in conjunction to identify the high-risk populations and develop preventive strategies accurately.

[Relationship between C genotype HBV mutation and intrauterine transmission].

Objective: To analyze the virus genome mutation of mothers with C genotype HBV and explore its relationship with HBV intrauterine transmission. Methods: A total of 399 mothers carrying HBV and their newborns hospitalized in the obstetrics department of the Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan from 2011 to 2013 were selected. Necessary information about mothers and children was obtained through a questionnaire survey and medical records. HBV DNA and HBV serological markers were detected by quantitative fluorescence PCR and electrochemiluminescence. Within 24 hours after birth and before active/passive immunization, those with positive HBsAg and/or HBV DNA in femoral venous blood were determined as HBV intrauterine transmission. According to the requirements of cloning and sequencing, mothers' HBV DNA load should be ≥106 IU/ml. Among 54 cases of HBV intrauterine transmission, 22 pairs of mothers and their newborns meeting the requirements of cloning and sequencing were used as the intrauterine transmission group. The same number of mothers and their newborns without intrauterine transmission was selected as the random seed method's control group. After PCR amplification of HBV DNA, gene cloning, and sequencing, the gene mutation analysis of mothers with C genotype HBV was performed. Results: Among the 44 samples, 39 (88.63%, 39/44) were genotype C, 2 were genotype B, and 3 were mixed genotype B, and C. A total of 406 clone beads from 42 mothers with C genotype HBV were analyzed for gene mutation, including 204 in the intrauterine transmission group and 202 in the control group. The base substitution mutation rate of PreS1, S, C, and P regions in the HBV intrauterine transmission group were significantly lower than those in the control group (χ2 ranged from 8.67 to 40.73, P<0.05). The mutation rate of base deletion in PreC and X regions in the HBV intrauterine transmission group was lower than that in the control group (χ2 values were 17.82 and 34.78, P<0.001). Two clones in the X region had 31 bp insertion mutations between nt1644 and nt1645, and two clones had 27 bp insertion mutations between nt1649 and nt1650, all of which took place in the control group. Conclusions: The base substitution mutations in the PreS1, S, C, and P segments of the HBV genome in mothers with C genotype HBV were associated with the occurrence of intrauterine transmission of HBV. Deletion mutations in the PreC region, insertion and deletion mutations in the X region may reduce intrauterine transmission risk.

SET7/9 promotes H3K4me3 at lncRNA DRAIC promoter to modulate growth and metastasis of glioma.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed at investigating the expression levels of SET7/9 in glioma and the relationship between SET7/9 and LncRNA DRAIC. Further, we explored the relationship between SET7/9 and glioma cell metastasis and mood. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The expression levels of DRAIC and miR-18a-3p in gastric cancer cells were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The binding site of the promoter of DRAIC by H3K4me3 was confirmed by ChIP-Real-time PCR. The direct target of DRAIC and miR-18a-3p in gastric cancer cells was measured by a Luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation was detected by Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), and cell invasion and migration were measured by transwell assays. RESULTS: Compared with adjacent non-cancerous normal tissues, SET7/9 and DRAIC were both downregulated and miR-18a-3p was upregulated in glioma cells. Meanwhile, silencing of SET7/9 enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in U251 cells. H3K4me3 protein can bind to DRAIC promoter directly. Inhibition of SET7/9 and downregulation of DRAIC in U251 cells reversed the effect of SET7/9 silencing on the growth and metastasis of glioma cells. In U251 cells, SET7/9 and DRAIC overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, miR-18a-3p interacts with DRAIC through direct binding. The inhibition of DRAIC promoted the growth and metastasis of U251 cells, while the co-transfection of si- DRAIC and miR-18a-3p further promoted the growth and metastasis of U251 cells. Overexpression of DRAIC inhibited the growth and metastasis of cells, completely reversing the co-transfection of Lnc-DRAIC and miR-18a-3p. CONCLUSIONS: In this research, we discovered that the expression of SET7/9 was low in glioma cells and SET7/9-mediated H3K4me3 enrichment on the DRAIC promoter regulated the growth and metastasis of glioma cells by targeting miR-18a-3p. It potentially provides a new therapeutic marker targeting glioma.

[Relationship between mutations of HBV basal core promoter region in HBsAg-positive mothers and intrauterine transmission].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between maternal mutations in basal core promoter region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C and intrauterine transmission. Methods: We collected information on general demographic characteristics and process of delivery among 399 pairs of consecutive HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates, from the Third People's Hospital of Taiyuan in Shanxi province, China. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and Electro-chemiluminescence immuno-assay (ECLIA) kits were used to detect both maternal and neonatal HBV DNA and serological markers in the peripheral blood. From 113 mothers with HBV DNA load ≥10(6) IU/ml, we selected 22 mothers whose neonates were with intrauterine transmission and randomly selected the same number of mothers whose neonates were without intrauterine transmission, as controls. The whole-length HBV DNA were extracted, amplified, cloned, sequenced and genotyped. Finally, a total of 39 mothers with genotype C of HBV were selected for mutation analysis. Results: Thirty-nine cases of genotype C (88.63%) were finally included in the study, with 19 cases in the intrauterine transmission group and 20 cases as controls. Rates of A1762T/G1764A double mutations were significantly different between the intrauterine transmission group and the control group (7.53% vs. 27.72%, P<0.001). Results from the multivariate analysis showed that the A1762T/G1764A double mutations had reduced the risk of intrauterine transmission (aOR=0.065, 95%CI: 0.006-0.746, P=0.028). Maternal A1762T/G1764A double mutations appeared to be possibly associated with neonatal HBeAg (P=0.050). Conclusion: A1762T/G1764A double mutations of HBV DNA from the genotype C of those HBsAg-positive mothers could reduced the risk of HBV intrauterine transmission during pregnancy.

Expressions and significance of calcitonin gene-related peptide and nerve growth factor in rabbit model of traumatic brain injury complicated with tibial fracture: preliminary results.

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to establish the rabbit model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) complicated with tibial fracture and to investigate the expressions and significance of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 rabbits were randomly divided into control group, TBI group, fracture group (F group), and TBI complicated with fracture group (TBI+F group), with 15 white rabbits in each group. After modeling, the expression levels of CGRP and NGF in the CSF, and serum were detected. At the 7th week after the operation, X-ray was used to evaluate the healing of fracture rabbits. RESULTS: Serum NGF content was compared among groups at the same time point. TBI+F group had significantly higher serum NGF content than the other three groups at each time point after the operation (p<0.05). From the 3rd day after the operation, TBI group and F group had significantly higher serum NGF content than control group (p<0.05). On the 7th and 14th days after the operation, TBI group had significantly higher serum NGF content than the F group (p<0.05). The CSF NGF content in TBI group and TBI+F group showed an upward trend, and it was higher in TBI+F group and TBI group than that in F group and control group from the 7th day (p<0.05). On the 0th and 3rd days, TBI+F group had significantly higher serum NGF content than the other three groups (p<0.05). TBI+F group had a significantly higher healing number than F group on the 14th day (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: NGF and CGRP are mainly present in the CSF. When TBI complicated with F occurs, the serum NGF and CGRP increase, which may be involved in the fracture healing.

[Plaque features in saphenous vein graft evaluated by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound].

Objective: To investigate the features of plaques of saphenous venous graft (SVG) with virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) in patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods: From March 2016 to March 2018, a total of 45 patients ((64.4±7.9) years old, 88.9% male (40 cases)) with ischemic symptoms after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and with coronary artery angiography evidenced SVG stenosis greater than or equal to 50%, who received percutaneous coronary intervention in Tianjin chest hospital were continuously included in this study, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. VH-IVUS was performed before PCI to analyze plaque composition. The patients were divided into no smoking group (21 cases) and smoking group (24 cases), no diabetes group (30 cases) and diabetes group (15 cases), normal very low density lipoprotein cholesterin (VLDL-C) group (24 cases) and elevated VLDL-C group (21 cases), stable angina pectoris group (5 cases) and acute coronary syndrome group (40 cases), plaque burden (PB) < 70% group (11 cases) and PB ≥ 70% group (34 cases), without thin-cap fibroatheroma group (35 cases) and thin-cap fibroatheroma group (10 cases), and plaque features were compared between different groups. Results: The graft age was (8.9±3.7) years.The stenosis degree of SVG lesions was 90 (90, 98) %. The minimum lumen diameter was 1.6 (1.5, 1.8) mm. The vessel cross-sectional area was (12.1±4.0) mm(2). The plaque area was 8.6 (5.7,12.0) mm(2). The minimum lumen area was 2.5 (2.1,3.3) mm(2). The plaque burden was (75.3±8.3)%. The fibrotic tissue (FI) ratio was (65.1±10.1)%, fibrofatty plaque (FF) ratio was 13.8 (5.4,25.3) %, necrotic core tissue (NC) ratio was 12.0 (5.4,24.0)%, and dense calcium tissue (DC) ratio was1.0 (0.2,3.8)% in SVG lesions. There were no significant differences in SVG plaque area, FI area,FF area,NC area,and DC area between no smoking group and smoking group, no diabetes group and diabetes group, and normal VLDL-C group and elevated VLDL-C group. SVG plaque volume was significantly higher in acute coronary syndrome group than in stable angina pectoris group (262.2 (148.5,401.2) mm(3) vs. 93.1 (50.6,155.9) mm(3),P=0.006), and plaque area (10.1 (6.6,13.3) mm(2) vs. 5.0 (3.6,6.9) mm(2), P<0.001), FI area(4.8 (3.2,6.8) mm(2) vs. 2.8 (1.9,3.0) mm(2), P<0.001),and FF area (1.15 (0.60, 2.07) mm(2) vs. 0.30 (0.10,0.90) mm(2), P=0.009) were significantly larger in PB ≥ 70% group than in PB < 70% group.The NC area (1.75(0.40,2.78) mm(2) vs. 0.60 (0.20,1.30) mm(2), P=0.030) and DC area (0.35 (0.10,0.50) mm(2) vs. 0.00 (0.00,0.10) mm(2), P=0.006) were significantly larger in thin-cap fibroatheroma group than that in without thin-cap fibroatheroma group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the plaque area of SVG lesion was positively correlated with FF area (r=0.64, P<0.001) and NC area (r=0.43, P=0.003). PB was positively correlated with FF area (r=0.50, P<0.001) and NC area (r=0.33, P=0.028). Graft age was positively correlated with FF area (r=0.30, P=0.047). Conclusions: The main components of SVG plaque are fibrotic tissue, conversely, calcified tissue is rare in patients with SVG stenosis after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Fibrofatty tissue is increased in the plaque in patients with PB ≥ 70%. The necrotic component is also increased in patients with thin-cap fibroatheroma. The fibrofatty component increases and the plaque tends to be unstable in proportion with increaing age of the graft in this patient cohort.

Mechanical stress contributes to osteoarthritis development through the activation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1).

OBJECTIVES: The role of mechanical stress and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1) is important in the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clearly known. METHODS: In this study, TGF-ß1 from osteoclasts and knee joints were analyzed using a co-cultured cell model and an OA rat model, respectively. Five patients with a femoral neck fracture (four female and one male, mean 73.4 years (68 to 79)) were recruited between January 2015 and December 2015. Results showed that TGF-ß1 was significantly upregulated in osteoclasts by cyclic loading in a time- and dose-dependent mode. The osteoclasts were subjected to cyclic loading before being co-cultured with chondrocytes for 24 hours. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the survival rate of co-cultured chondrocytes was found. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay demonstrated that mechanical stress-induced apoptosis occurred significantly in co-cultured chondrocytes but administration of the TGF-ß1 receptor inhibitor, SB-505124, can significantly reverse these effects. Abdominal administration of SB-505124 can attenuate markedly articular cartilage degradation in OA rats. CONCLUSION: Mechanical stress-induced overexpression of TGF-ß1 from osteoclasts is responsible for chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degeneration in OA. Administration of a TGF-ß1 inhibitor can inhibit articular cartilage degradation.Cite this article: R-K. Zhang, G-W. Li, C. Zeng, C-X. Lin, L-S. Huang, G-X. Huang, C. Zhao, S-Y. Feng, H. Fang. Mechanical stress contributes to osteoarthritis development through the activation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1). Bone Joint Res 2018;7:587-594. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.711.BJR-2018-0057.R1.

The effects of nasal irrigation with various solutions after endoscopic sinus surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Nasal irrigation is commonly performed in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This study systematically assessed the clinical efficacy of nasal irrigation from the medical literature. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched using a comprehensive strategy, limited to English-language articles, published from October 1971 to March 2017, and comprising human subjects. RESULTS: A total of 824 trials were identified, 5 of which, involving 331 participants, were included in this systematic review. After selection, only three trials were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Nasal irrigation using normal saline and various solutions was found to be effective in reducing symptom scores and endoscopic scores for chronic rhinosinusitis patients after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Comparison of outcome measures, such as eosinophil count reduction, revealed that various solutions are more effective than normal saline alone; however, no statistical significance was found in terms of reduced symptom or endoscopic scores. CONCLUSION: Based on the current limited evidence, nasal irrigation is an effective therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis patients after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. However, when comparing various solutions with normal saline, no significant difference was found in symptom scores or endoscopic scores.

[Relationship between the HBsAg-positive infection status of mothers and the non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine of their infants].

Objective: To explore the relationship between the status of HBsAg-positive infection of mothers and the non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine of their infants. Methods: A total of 225 pairs of mothers and their infants were recruited in our cohort from June 2011 to July 2013. Infants were given three doses of hepatitis B vaccine at hour 24, first month and month 6(t)h respectively and were followed up for one year after birth. HBV serological markers and HBV DNA in the peripheral blood of both mothers and infants were detected by Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay and fluorescence quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: Six HBV infection models were detected in HBsAg-positive mothers, and "HBsAg (+), HBeAg (+), anti-HBc (+)" (model one) and "HBsAg (+), anti-HBe (+), anti-HBc (+)" (model two) accounted for 92.5%(208/225) of all the models. Rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to mothers in model one was lower than those in model two, the differences are statistically significant (χ(2)=4.80, P=0.029). The rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants showed a downward trend with the rising of HBeAg level in their mothers (χ(2)=4.86, P=0.028). Results from the unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the HBeAg of the HBsAg-positive mothers was significantly correlated with the low risk of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants (OR=0.598, 95%CI: 0.378-0.947). The positive rate of serum HBV DNA in HBsAg-positive mothers was 54.2%, while the rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to HBV DNA positive mothers was similar to those infants born to HBV DNA negative mothers (χ(2)=0.22, P=0.640). Conclusions: "HBsAg (+), HBeAg (+), anti-HBc (+)" and "HBsAg (+), anti-HBe(+), anti-HBc (+)" were the common models seen in HBsAg-positive mothers, and the rate of non/low-response to hepatitis B vaccine was different between the two models. HBeAg of HBsAg-positive mothers might have positive effects on the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants but the mechanisms remained not clear. HBV DNA of the HBsAg-positive mothers did not seem to be correlated with the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants.

Effects of prolonged methylprednisolone treatment after pulse therapy for paraquat-intoxicated rats.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate prolonged methylprednisolone (MP) treatment after pulse therapy for paraquat (PQ)-intoxicated rats. METHOD: Acute PQ toxicity was induced by intraperitoneally injecting single toxic dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight. Rats were divided into four groups: control group (saline solution for 15 days), PQ group (saline solution for 15 days after PQ toxicity), pulse group (15 mg·kg-1·day-1 MP for 3 days after PQ toxicity and then saline solution for 12 days) and pulse + prolonged group (15 mg·kg-1·day-1 MP for 3 days after PQ toxicity; dosage was subsequently reduced by half every 2 days, and MP was terminated until 0.47 mg·kg-1·day-1). Hydroxyproline (HYP) content in lung tissues was evaluated through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and lung fibrosis was examined using a semiquantitative scoring system (Ashcroft staging criteria). Lung wet-to-dry weight (W/Dc) ratio and 15-day survival rates of the rats were also analysed. RESULTS: Similar survival rates (55.0 vs. 65.0%) were obtained for the pulse group and the pulse + prolonged group. The W/Dc (4.79 ± 0.42 vs. 5.29 ± 0.35), HYP content in the lung tissues (3.23 ± 0.24 vs. 3.72 ± 0.23 µg/mg) and lung fibrosis scores (2.69 ± 0.74 vs. 3.12 ± 0.60) of the pulse + prolonged group were lower than those of the pulse group. CONCLUSION: Prolonged MP treatment after pulse therapy could effectively ameliorate PQ-intoxicated acute lung injury in rats. However, further studies should be performed to verify our findings.

[Effect of interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 on immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in infants of HBsAg-positive mothers].

Objective: To explore the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-12 (IL-12) on immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in infants of HBsAg-positive mothers. Methods: A total of 91 neonates whose mothers were HBsAg-positive were included and followed up for 12 months. HBV DNA and HBV serological markers in the peripheral blood of the neonates and infants were detected with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), and the levels of IL-6 and IL-12 in the peripheral blood of the neonates and infants were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The non-/hypo-response rate to hepatitis B vaccination was 35.16% (32/91) in the 91 infants. In the neonatal period and infantile period, the level of IL-6 in non-/hypo-response group was lower than that in high-response group, while the level of IL-12 was higher than that in high-response group, and there was significant difference (P<0.01). From the neonatal period to the infantile period, the level of IL-6 increased, while the level of IL-12 descended in both groups, and there was significant difference (P<0.01). Furthermore, the level of anti-HBs of infants was positively correlated with the level of IL-6 (r(s)=0.70, 0.79, P<0.01), and was negatively correlated with the level of IL-12 (r(s)=-0.71, -0.72, P<0.01) in the neonatal period and the infantile period. From the neonatal period to the infantile period, the increased level of IL-6 was positively associated with the level of anti-HBs (r(s)= -0.74, P<0.01), while the decreased level of IL-12 was negatively associated with the level of anti-HBs (r(s)=-0.42, P<0.01). The level of IL-6 was negatively correlated with the level of IL-12 in the neonatal period and the infantile period (r(s)=-0.68, -0.70, P<0.01). Conclusions: IL-6 might promote the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in infants whose mothers were HBsAg-positive, while IL-12 might inhibit the immune response. IL-6 and IL-12 would affect the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in infants of HBsAg-positive mothers at the same time.

[Clinical useness of multimodal techniques in microsurgical resection of cerebral arteriovenous malformation].

Objective: To explore the clinical useness of intraoperative functional neuronavigation and fluorescent indocyanine green(ICG) angiography as well as electrophysiological evaluation during microsurgical resection of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Methods: A series of 42 consecutive cases with AVM underwent microsurgery by intraoperative functional neuronavigation at Department of Neurosurgery of People's Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2009 to February 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 42 patients, 29 were males and 13 were females aging from 4 to 62 years (mean age 32.6 years). Preoperative assessment included functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging to identify the relationship between lesions and eloquent areas. The results of images were integrated into three-dimensional datasets to achieve intraoperative microscopic-based functional neuronavigation during AVM resection. Operations involved in motor areas and corticospinal tract were performed under continuous electrophysiological monitoring. ICG angiography was performed at pre-dissection, post-clipping of the feeders, and post-resection of the nidus. FLOW 800 software presented a color map and ICG intensity-time curve to demostrate the vascular architecture. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography was re-examined routinely to evaluate the extent of resection. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale. Results: All patients underwent surgery under intraoperative navigation. Of the 42 patients, total resection was achieved in 36 cases (85.7%, 36/42) including 14 cases of AVM in eloquent areas. A total of 40 ICG angiographies were successfully performed among 11 patients. Average number of ICG injections per operation was 3.6 (ranging from 3 to 6). Feeders were visualized in 10 patients and drainers were visualized in 9 cases. The post-surgical follow-up period varied from 3 months to 70 months (mean 22.5 months). 83.8% of the patients returned to normal work and life during the followed-up period. Conclusion: Combining intraoperative neuronavigation and electrophysiological monitoring, as well as fluorescent ICG angiography contribute to microsurgical resection of cerebral AVM effectively in selecting suitable patients, further avoiding neurologic compromise as well.

[Research of the expression of subchondral bone of Indian hedgehog with early experimental osteoarthritis induced by mechanical stress].

Objective: To investigate the the expression of subchondral bone of Indian hedgehog(Ihh) with early experimental osteoarthritis induced by mechanical stress. Methods: The animals were equally divided into two groups: experimental group(E-group, n=15) and control group(S-group, n=15). The right knee joints of E-group underwent surgery, which involved in both medial collateral ligament (MCL) transaction and medial meniscectomy, while the control group was only carried out with a sham operation.The rats were killed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks postsurgery to obtain the right knee joints. Immunostaining and immunofluorescence double staining were performed to evaluate the expression of Ihh in subchondral bone, respectively. Results: The polynuclear giant cells in the subchondral bone of E-Group expressed Ihh in their cytoplasm 1 and 2 weeks post-surgery, except for 4 week, while those of S-Group appeared negative at all three time points postsurgery. There is statistically difference between the mean density of positive area of Ihh in sections of E-group and S-group both in 1 week (E-group: 0.351+ 0.086, S-group: 0.153±0.017, P<0.05) and 2 weeks (E-group: 0.303±0.026, S-group: 0.176±0.013, P<0.05), but without statistically difference in 4 weeks (E-group: 0.092±0.033, S-group: 0.136±0.014, P>0.05) post surgery. Trap positive giant cells in subchondral bone of E-group were also found Ihh positive, which indicated expression of Ihh in osteoclast . Conclusion: Ihh maybe play an important role in pathogenesis of early experimental osteoarthritis.

First measurement of the edge charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on EAST tokamak.

An edge toroidal charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (eCXRS) diagnostic, based on a heating neutral beam injection (NBI), has been deployed recently on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The eCXRS, which aims to measure the plasma ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity in the edge region simultaneously, is a complement to the exiting core CXRS (cCXRS). Two rows with 32 fiber channels each cover a radial range from ∼2.15 m to ∼2.32 m with a high spatial resolution of ∼5-7 mm. Charge exchange emission of Carbon VI CVI at 529.059 nm induced by the NBI is routinely observed, but can be tuned to any interested wavelength in the spectral range from 400 to 700 nm. Double-slit fiber bundles increase the number of channels, the fibers viewing the same radial position are binned on the CCD detector to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, enabling shorter exposure time down to 5 ms. One channel is connected to a neon lamp, which provides the real-time wavelength calibration on a shot-to-shot basis. In this paper, an overview of the eCXRS diagnostic on EAST is presented and the first results from the 2015 experimental campaign will be shown. Good agreements in ion temperature and toroidal rotation are obtained between the eCXRS and cCXRS systems.

Improved spatial calibration for the CXRS system on EAST.

A Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) diagnostic system has been developed to measure profiles of ion temperature and rotation since 2014 on EAST. Several techniques have been developed to improve the spatial calibration of the CXRS diagnostic. The sightline location was obtained by measuring the coordinates of three points on each sightline using an articulated flexible coordinate measuring arm when the vessel was accessible. After vacuum pumping, the effect of pressure change in the vacuum vessel was evaluated by observing the movement of the light spot from back-illuminated sightlines on the first wall using the newly developed articulated inspection arm. In addition, the rotation of the periscope after vacuum pumping was derived by using the Doppler shift of neutral beam emission spectra without magnetic field. Combining these techniques, improved spatial calibration was implemented to provide a complete and accurate description of the EAST CXRS system. Due to the effects of the change of air pressure, a ∼0.4° periscope rotation, yielding a ∼20 mm movement of the major radius of observation positions to the lower field side, was derived. Results of Zeeman splitting of neutral beam emission spectra with magnetic field also showed good agreement with the calibration results.

[Relationship between the mode of HBV marker and immune status in neonates and non-/hyporesponse to hepatitis B vaccine].

OBJECTIVE: A prospective study was conducted to explore the influence of neonatal modes of HBV marker (HBVM) on non-/hypo-response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants. METHODS: From July 2011 to July 2013, a total of 386 pregnant women who showed serum HBsAg positive with their neonates at birth and another 227 infants at 12 months admitted in the Third People' s Hospital of Taiyuan in Shanxi province, China. All infants received hepatitis B vaccine with the 0-1-6 month schedule. Maternal, neonatal and infantile HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc were measured by chemiluminescence-immunoassay. The neonatal/infantile PBMC TLR3 expression level and the quantities of T cell subsets, B cells, DCs were measured by Flow Cytometry. The neonatal/infantile Th1/Th2 cytokines were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Four types of common neonatal modes of HBVM appeared as " HBeAg(+) anti-HBe(+) " , "HBsAg(+)HBeAg (+) anti-HBe(+) " , "HBsAg(+) " and "HBVM(-)" , respectively. The overall rate of non-/hypo-response to hepatitis B vaccine in neonatal mode of " HBeAg(+) anti-HBe(+) " was 5.2%, lower than that seen in the other three types of mode (20.0%, 40.0% and 22.5%, respectively). The frequencies of circulating CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells were significantly different among four common modes of HBVM in infants. Meanwhile, the level of IL-6 in mode of " HBeAg(+) anti-HBe(+) " was higher than that in the mode of " HBVM(-)" at two points. There was a positive correlation appeared between the level of IL-6 and the level of anti-HBs. It was quite unlikely to show non-/hypo-response to hepatitis B vaccine, when neonates were at the level as IL-6> 1 112.0 pg/ml (OR=0.386, 95% CI: 0.266-0.561, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Neonates who were with the mode of " HBeAg (+) anti-HBe (+) " and high level of IL-6 showed a lower non-/hyporesponse rate on hepatitis B vaccine. It is necessary to further study the relationship between neonatal mode of HBVM and the immune status.